My Sustainable Vision - 792 Words

My Sustainable Vision Briefly describe one of the places where you grew up. When I was six or seven we moved from an apartment in chandler out to Queen Creek where I have since lived. When I first moved to Queen Creek it was a quiet rural town with not much to it. The neighborhood we moved into had quite a bit of houses compared to others and a small playground about half a mile away from my house. Ever since I was little I have played video games. I would play almost everyday after school and on the weekends. Also for Christmas one year I received a swing set which I was on four out of the seven days of the week. Another important element of my childhood was having a big backyard. My friends and I were able to do a lot of activities such as climbing in trees, tag, airsoft wars and swim. Since before I moved in I would hang out with my soon to be best friend. During the week I would go to school from about 8am until about 3:30pm. After school and on the weekend I would hangout with my friends and or ride my bike around the neighborhood. Until I got my own c ar my parents would drive me anywhere I needed to go and sometimes places I wanted to go if it was within reason. One major sustainable part of my life is that we grow a lot of our own fruits and vegetables in our backyard. We have a series of different fruit trees and bushes along with a small garden on the side of our house. Describe your vision of a sustainable city or neighborhood. In my vision of aShow MoreRelatedA Vision Of School Leadership858 Words   |  4 PagesA Vision of School Leadership in the 21st Century The responsibility of preparing today’s students for tomorrow’s future involves more than orchestrating the curriculum students learn and the teachers who teach it. It involves the ability to employ the leadership styles fluently based on the everyday demands of running a school (Goleman, 2000). 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Object Oriented Database - 5350 Words

Introduction â€Å"Choosing the right OODB architecture can mean orders of magnitude difference in performance and scalability characteristics rather than a few percentage points as found in relational implementations.† To achieve maximum performance and scalability the most important thing is choosing the right application architecture. OODBs give applications much more direct access to the persistent data, so application architecture has much more impact on performance than is the case with an RDB. Or to put it another way, when using an OODB the application architect has much more power to optimize performance than when using an RDB. Consequently the application architecture has more effect on performance and scalability than the choice of†¦show more content†¦Thus, a database system contains the five following features: Persistence As in a conventional database, data must remain after the process that created it has terminated. 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Business process diagrams show how data moves through the organization using processes performed by an individual. Managers, developers, and users then review and approve the diagrams and documentation generated before proceeding to the next modeling phase. With the completion of the logical model, a physical model is outlined to portray the actual design of a database. Physical modeling illustrates theRead MorePersonal Learning Management Part1 Essay624 Words   |  3 Pageswith calendaring, and an output list component. A small backend database would be needed to store the data and information into a structure that can be queried upon when needed. Important lesson data, date of the lesson, time, and open text area to write what important points were learned from the lesson. A score factor or attribute needs to be stored with each record to provide the overall calculated economic value. The database would be queried for content and score values to provide output to

Differential Loneliness Scale free essay sample

There also happens to be another short version available it consists only of 20- items, measuring loneliness as well but used more so with ages of school age children,(6-11) adolescents and the traditional college student(s) ages ranging from 18-24. In this particular version measures four types of relationships, namely romantic/ sexual relationships (R/S), friendships (Fr) relationships with family (Fam) and relationships with large groups (Gr). Although both versions measures loneliness that we all, sometimes it raises its head / making it difficult to engage in social / communicative levels cannot cope without havedividual decides whether the question describes your situation or not. Presumably, if the question posed seems to describe your situation, either you mark true or false, or if it’s not applicable to you then you would mark that particular question false. Scoring on the scale is actually determined in the following way: For items with no asterisk next to the item number, each marking of T (True) is given one point. We will write a custom essay sample on Differential Loneliness Scale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For items with an asterisk, each marking of F (False) is given one point. (Schmidt, amp; Sermat, 1983). PURPOSE OF THE ASSESSMENT Loneliness is a negative emotion that comes about through a discrepancy between you and the environment, child hood, and non-existing family interactions relations. (Cook amp; Campbell, 1979). Thus, the present study examined the separate and combined effects of interventions focused on intimate and social loneliness. Although conceptual statements abound, empirical research on this phenomenon remains limited (McWhirter, 1990b). The study conducted by Schmidt, Sermat, 1983) composed a test that was already in effect. In fact, the UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most widely used test for loneliness. Although there have been several successful attempts cognitive- behavioral interventions does it: (1) correlate with different cognitive- behavioral interventions does it: (1) correlates with different methods for measuring the same construct (loneliness) and (2) does it fail to correlate with similar methods for measuring different constructs of loneliness. In other words, the manipulated variables should produce theoretically consistent changes on measures that they are supposed to influence and the developed interventions to enhance the lives of those who are lonely. Schmidt, Sermat, 1983; Austin, 1983; Hojat, 1982; amp; Santos, 1985). Participants were selected after intake interviews and then randomly assigned to one of the four treatments and control conditions-thus administering the 20 or 60 item instrument test. The journal article describes the construction and preliminary validation of the Differential Loneliness Scale (DLS), is a measure that differs from previous loneliness scales- the scale asked respondents to evaluate the quality and the quantity of their interactions in specific kinds of relationships. During the teat construction item analyses was undertaken to lessen context that could play a factor such as: depression, anxiety, and self- esteem and to help minimize the response – style bias (is) of social desirability. DESCRIPTION OF THE POPULATION THAT USES THE ASSESSMENT The population that used the scale from previous studies of the Differential Loneliness Scale, was stemmed to begin from the crib (the need of contact may not of been given. (Fromm-Reichmann’s, 1959). The differential loneliness scale itself is just as descriptive, the used instrument may have its limitations there- no other information found as it relates to the Differential Loneliness Scale for Non-student Populations if Schmidt amp; Sermat, 1983) crossed barriers, other than children 6-11 years old, adolescents 12-17, non-students 18-34+. Definitely male / female ratio was used; inferring different ethnicities. Therapeutic Uses of the ASSESSMENT Screened participants were assessed on general on a general outcome battery as well as on measures varying in theoretical relevance to the treatment conditions. The intimate treatment failed to demonstrate any positive posttest positive effects. The social factor treatment favor, on the other hand, produced, produced a relatively consistent pattern of benefits across a wide array of devices reflecting the full syndrome of loneliness. Schmidt, amp; Sermat, 1983) NORMING POPULATION OF THE ASSESSMENT The norming group refers to the group of individuals, who have taken the same instrument. The term â€Å"norm† also refers to the group of individual who also has taken the same instrument; to which other’s score(s) are being compared to and established standard. (Whiston, 2009). TRAINING NEEDED TO GIVE THE ASSESSMENT AS A COUNSELOR Although it was not justified by Schm idtamp; Sermat, 1983 the credentials needed to perform the test (in which I did not buy the journal), this information may exist. However through our reading- no test should be administered without the proper knowledge to provide the information to the client / individual(s) after r clarifying results from given instrument. Interpreting the wrong results could be damaging to the client. TIME ALLOTTED FOR ASSESSMENT As for the allotted time utilized to perform the Differential Loneliness Scale for Non- student Populations- that information was not provided. However, I shall infer that any allotted time given may have gained some negative results. Taken into consideration these individuals are already experiencing these feelings of loneliness- I would say it would have adverse effects on Schmidt, amp; Sermat, 1983 research study. Counselors are inscribed not too infer-without prior knowledge of particular affect. SCORING INSTRUCTIONS The scoring instructions given are printed on the instrument as: for items with no asterisk next to the item number, each marking of T (TRUE) is given one point. For items with an asterisk, each marking of F (FALSE) is given one point. The scale measures loneliness in four types of relationships, namely romantic/sexual relationships (R/S), friendships (Fr), relationships with family (Fam), and relationships with larger groups (Gr). (Schmidt, amp; Sermat, 1983). DESCRIPTION OF HOW TO PROVIDE RESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENTS TO CLIENTS Screened participants were assessed on general outcome battery as well as measures varying in theoretical relevance to the treatment. Follow-up was performed two months later and feedback / interventions provided- it was discovered that participants did not erode- participants in the social factor cell continued show improvement. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE ASSESSMENT The reliability of the scale is high, with Kuder- Richardson 20 coefficients ranging from . 90 to . 92 and test-retest coefficients 0f . 85 and . 97 for males and females respectively over one month. The journal article describes the construction and preliminary validation of the Differential Loneliness Scale (DLS), is a measure that differs from previous scales- the scale asked respondents to evaluate the quality and the quantity of their interactions on specific kinds of relationships. During the test construction, item analyses was undertaken to lessen content that could play a factor- such as: depression, anxiety, and self –esteem and to help minimize the response- style bias (is) of social desirability. As for validity- preliminary results (evidence) suggests that the 60 item scale has concurrent validity against several criterion. Moreover, the principle component analyses indicated the Differential Loneliness Scale (DLS), has substantive structural validity. The scale has student and non-students versions. It may be of value in the differential prediction of loneliness in specific kinds of relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record(c) 2012 APA) References (DLS; Schmidt amp; Sermat. (1983,) doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 44. 5. 1038 Kuder, G. F. ; M. K. Richardson. (1937). the theory of estimation of test reliability. Psychometrika, 2, 151-60. Russell, D. , Peplau, L. A. amp; Cutron, C. E. (1980). The revised UCLA loneliness scale; Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 472-480. Schmidt, N. amp; Sermat, V. (1983). Differential Loneliness Scale for No-student Populations (Non-student Version). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1038-1047. http://dx. doi. org/www. yorku. ca/rokada/ psyctest. pdf Schmidt, amp; Sermat, V. (1983). Measuring loneliness in different relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44(5), 1038-1047. Whiston, S. C. (2009). Principles and applications of assessment in counseling (3rd ed. ). Belmont, CA: Brooks / Cole, Cengage Learning.

Vitamin C lab report free essay sample

Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is a water soluble vitamin. It is a powerful reducing agent that is able to decolourise blue DCPIP (2. 6-dichlorophenol indophenols). The decolourisation of DCPIP can therefore be used to calculate the vitamin C content of a variety of fruit juices. Research Question – To determine how the content of Vitamin C (%) will differ in fresh fruits (orange, mango, lemon, lime, blackcurrant, pineapple) from that in processed fruit juices (orange, pineapple) by adding drops of the aforementioned fruit juices to DCPIP until the DCPIP gets decolorized. Variables Independent Variable – Type of fruit juice used (fresh or processed). NB: the juice from the fruits was freshly squeezed during the experiment. Dependent Variable – Amount of fruit juice it takes to decolourize the DCPIP in cm3 (Â ±0. 2cm3) Controlled Variables – 1) Concentration of DCPIP was the same in all the samples. A larger amount of it was prepared for this case. 2) The same amount of DCPIP was added in each test-tube (1 cm3) using the same 5cm3 syringe 3) All the fruit juices, fresh and processed, were diluted five times. We will write a custom essay sample on Vitamin C lab report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The same 5cm3 syringe was used to add drops of fruit juices in the test tubes 5) State of decolourization – one sample of decolourised DCPIP was used as a basic one (one with 0. 1% ascorbic acid) and later all the fruit juices with DCPIP were compared with the sample. The decolourization should have been the same in both the samples. 6) The other control was similar to (5) above, but instead of having ascorbic acid, it had distilled water. It was used to show that only vitamin C can decolourize DCPIP Materials 10 Test Tubes 2 x 5cm3 syringes (Â ±0. 2cm3) (pipettes were not available so syringes were used) 3 x 20 cm3 beakers Label the test tubes, then slowly pipette 1 cm3 of DCPIP into each test tube Safety! – DCPIP is corrosive and toxic. Wash of any spills with water 2) Take 5cm3 of 0. 1 % ascorbic acid using a syringe 3) Add the ascorbic acid drop by drop into the first test tube, gently shake the tube after each drop is added. As soon as the DCPIP becomes decolourized, note the volume of ascorbic acid that was added 4) Wash syringe and beaker. Into the second test tube, add the same volume of distilled water as ascorbic acid that you added in test-tube 1. Gently shake the tube and note observations. 6) Dilute all juices to be tested 5 times using a measuring cylinder. 7) Add the first sample of juice drop, gently shake the tube after each drop is added and note the volume added in order to decolourize the DCPIP. Continue the same way for other fruit juices Do not forget to wash out the beaker and the pipette after each juice is used 8) Lastly, calculate the concentration of ascorbic acid present in each fruit juice: Data Collection – Qualitative – Table 1: Colour change in each liquid test Tube Liquid test Colour 1 0. 1% ascorbic acid (control) colourless 2 Distilled water (control) No change 3 0range juice(fresh) colourless 4 Lemon colourless 5 Mango colourless 6 Lime colourless 7 blackcurrant magenta 8 pineapple colourless 9 Processed orange juice Turns light purple/maroon 10 Processed pineapple juice Pink From the table on the previous page it can be seen already that most fresh fruit juices have high amounts of vitamin C as they completely decolourise the DCPIP (comparing to test tube 1 which is the control). Moreover, both of the processed juices seem to have lower amounts of DCPIP as they hardly change from their original colour (purple). None of the final colours were similar to that with distilled water, showing that all of them had some amount of ascorbic acid. Quantitative Data In the following table, the test-tube with distilled water will not be taken into account as the DCPIP was not decolourized. Table 2: amount of volume required to decolourise DCPIP in each liquid test Tube Liquid Test Volume (cm3/(Â ±0. 2cm3) added to decolorize DCPIP 1 0. 1% ascorbic acid (control) 0. 6 3 0range juice(fresh) 2 4 Lemon 3. 1 5 Mango 3 6 Lime 2. 9 7 blackcurrant 18 8 pineapple 6 9 Processed orange juice 20 10 Processed pineapple juice 18 The data in this table supports the qualitative results. It should be noted that due to time constraints, for test-tube 7, 9 and 10 the experiment was stopped as they didn’t change colour quickly and continuing the experiment would have been time consuming. The fact that they decolourised from their original colour was taken as proof that ascorbic acid was present. Data Processing Using this formula the concentration of ascorbic acid in all the liquids was found Volume of 0. 1 % ascorbic acid is 0. 6 cm3 (Â ±0. 2cm3). Table 3: Concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in liquid tests Tube Liquid Test Volume (cm3/(Â ±0. 2cm3) added to decolorize DCPIP Concentration of ascorbic acid (%) 1 0. 1% ascorbic acid (control) 0. 6 3 0range juice(fresh) 2 0. 03 4 Lemon (fresh) 3. 1 5 Mango (fresh) 3 6 Lime (fresh) 2. 9 7 Blackcurrant (fresh) 18 8 Pineapple (fresh) 6 9 Processed orange juice 20 10 Processed pineapple juice 18 Presenting Processed Data The following bar graph shows the amount of vitamin C present in each of the liquid tests. It shows that test tubes 7, 9 and 10 have the least amounts of Vitamin C while from the fruit juices, test tube 3 has the highest amount of vitamin c. Note: test tube 1 is a control with ascorbic acid (0. 1%). Graph 1: Concentration of Ascorbic acid (%) against fruit juices From Table 3, it can be seen that greater the volume of liquid required to decolourise the DCPIP, smaller the concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in the solutions. The following graph shows this relationship even more clearly. The plots were joined using a trend line so that the trend can be seen more clearly. Graph 2: Concentration of ascorbic acid (%) against Volume (cm3/(Â ±0. 2cm3) added to decolorize DCPIP The following graph shows that the concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in the fresh fruits (indicated by the blue diamond-shaped dots) is higher than the concentration in processed fruit juices (indicated by the blue squares). All the points in the fresh fruits line are higher than those in the processed fruit line. Since we could not get the processed juices for all the fresh fruits, the following graph will focus on the vitamin C concentrations of orange and pineapple, both fresh and processed. Graph 3:Fresh orange and Processed orange Graph 4: Fresh pineapple and Processed Pineapple Juice This clearly shows that there is a higher vitamin C concentration in the fresh fruits (3 and 8) than in the processed fruit juice (9 and 10) Conclusion Putting the above results from highest Vitamin C concentration to lowest; Ascorbic Acid (1st) Fresh Orange Juice Fresh lemon Fresh Mango Fresh Lime Fresh pineapple Fresh Blackcurrant Processed Orange juice Processed Pineapple juice Distilled water (last) From this ranking, it can be said that from the fruit juices/ Fresh orange juice (0.03%) has the highest amount of Vitamin C and the processed fruit juices (orange, pineapple) have the lowest amount (0. 003%) Even though only 2 comparisons could be made (Graph 4 and 5), the results of this investigation illustrate without any doubt that fresh fruit juices(orange, mango, lemon, lime, blackcurrant, pineapple) have a higher concentration of ascorbic acid (%) than do processed fruit juices (pineapple, orange). The research question can thus be answered as: the concentration of Vitamin C is higher in fresh fruits than processed juices. Therefore, if our diet consists more of the fresh fruits above, we will gain a higher amount of vitamin C in our bodies. Evaluation 1) Oranges are ranked as world’s healthiest fruits because of their high Vitamin C concentration. One orange has 69. 62mg of Vitamin C and can supply 116. 2% of the daily value1. This fact is consistent with the findings of the experiment, where the concentration of ascorbic acid in fresh orange is the highest from all the samples tested (0. 03%) 2) All the fruits used were fresh and bought on the same day. This increased reliability of the results since the age of the fruit may affect Vitamin C content. 3) Water was used as a control in the experiment to ensure the fact that only items with vitamin C can decolourize DCPIP. 4) A syringe was used to drop the fruit juices in to the test tubes since a pipette was not available. The problem with a syringe is that if too much pressure is applied, the entire solution can be poured out and it has an uncertainty of (Â ±0. 2cm3). Maybe it would have been better to use a burette, which also has a lower uncertainty (3) 5) We were told that the concentration of ascorbic acid provided was 0.1%. We were not however sure because we did not see it being made. In this case, we should have made the solution to that concentration ourselves, or the lab technician should have made it in front of us. 6) A limitation of this investigation was that the maturity stage of the fruits was not determined. Vitamin C concentration decreases during the ripening process. Unripe fruits have more ascorbic acid than the ripe ones. Since the ripening stage was not informed, the ascorbic acid concentration could have varied and therefore affected the results of the experiment. Even the position of the fruits on the tree was not known; sunlight exposure enhances vitamin C levels. Maybe some fruits were on the shadier side showing low levels of vitamin C. 7) The observations in this experiment were made solely by the eye. There was thus huge room for human error, as sometimes, two drops could seem one drop. In this case, two people could have been used to watch the drops and increase reliability of results 8) Blackcurrant is a fresh fruit which has a very high concentration of vitamin C. However the results of this investigation showed otherwise. This may indicate a shortcoming in the experiment because this fruit was the only one which did not show a high concentration of vitamin C. Maybe the juice became a bit too dilute. This could have been rectified if time had allowed. Due to time constraints, this experiment was only carried out once. In order to obtain reliable results however, the experiment should have been carried out three times, and the average volume of liquids required to decolourize could have been obtained, giving a more realistic picture of the concentrations. Another limitation was that besides orange and pineapple, the processed juices of other fresh fruits were not available and so they could not be directly compared to each other. However, the results did show that processed fruit juices had low Vitamin C content. 10) If time would have permitted, the experiment for 7, 9 and 10 should have been continued so as to obtain the exact end point when the DCPIP got decolorized and therefore get the exact concentration of ascorbic acid (%) in those liquid tests.