Eating Disorder Case Study

Dietary issue Case Study ‘When typical eating becomes abnormal’ Eating is a significant action for people, as the food we expend acts to furnish us with the fuel we have to keep our bodies running, and to live our every day lives. Typical degrees of eating can be described as expending simply enough calories (of vitality) to permit us to work as we require, and not to have such a great amount of left over that isn't utilized and consequently put away as fat cells. Precisely what level is described will shift on a person to-singular premise, as ‘normal’ will be dependent upon singular contrasts, for example, movement levels, age and metabolic rate, which would all be able to influence the rate at which vitality is utilized or put away by the body. Strange eating would thus be able to be believed to happen when we either expend excessively or too little vitality (nourishment) for what we need, and structures the premise of negative eating conduct, classed as dietary problems. There are two primary dietary issues; anorexia nervosa, and bulimia. Anorexia is maybe the most notable of the scatters, and pulls in a lot of media inclusion and superstar profiles related with the condition, for example, Victoria Beckham, Calistra Flockheart and the Olsen twins (Mary-Kate and Ashley). Portrayed by intentional and outrageous weight reduction through the retention of hold frequently to the point of starvation, anorexics will continually stress over food, with such insights noticeable through practices, for example, fanatical gauging and calorie checking and strange degrees of control concerning food. Mental self view is constantly withdrawn from the real world, with people at the later phases of the condition despite everything considering their to be as fat, in spite of being genuinely underweight. Through this self-exacted starvation, the anorexic will begin to encounter physical indications and issues, for example, stomach torments, development hindering, osteopor osis and propagation issues, for example, the halting of periods in ladies, or fruitlessness in men. In the long haul, absence of food can be not kidding to wellbeing, with the chance of prompting kidney, liver and even heart harm, and in this way the condition can be deadly. Bulimia is a more typical issue than anorexia and as opposed to the exacting discretion of eating managed by anorexics, bulimia can happen because of an absence of command over eating. Bulimics don't starve themselves, rather will gorge monstrous measures of food (frequently covertly), and with certain cases revealed as ingesting as much as 15,000 calories in 1 †2 hours. In the wake of eating until they feel sick, bulimics will at that point use techniques, for example, retching or purgatives to cleanse themselves of the calories that they have ingested. Physical impacts of bulimia can be more earnestly to identify as there is generally no sensational weight reduction, and much of the time is basically the upkeep of weight in spite of the food gorges they have. Related physical issues incorporate sore and kindled throat because of instigated regurgitating, which may in the long run lead to a trouble in gulping. Stomach corrosive raised alongside food will likewise cause issues, for example, consuming of the throat and the harming of tooth veneer. Digestive system capacity can separate when constrained over and again to remove food; lack of hydration can happen because of loss of liquids, and when to a genuine enough degree can disturb the parity of synthetic substances inside the blood with minor results including tipsiness, and the most genuine being cardiovascular breakdown. Bulimia is a condition that is unpredictably connected with feelings and mental prosperity. Tension and misery can gorges which at that point cause coerce and further despondency until reduced by cleansing. The victim is in this way caught in an endless loop. One of the most prominent instances of bulimia is probably going to be that of Princess Diana. Cited as saying the bulimia was â€Å"a side effect of what was happening in my marriage. I was shouting out for help, yet giving an inappropriate signals,† (Panorma, BBC TV, 1995) such a remark is a prime case of the mental idea of the condition. The trouble in treatment of bulimia is that genuinely the activity of cleansing is fortifying by mitigating the blame and misery felt after a gorging meeting, and accordingly makes the cycle far harder to break. Most instances of these dietary issues will begin during pre-adulthood or early adulthood, and are emphatically connected in the writing and media as related to mental issues. Individual perspectives, for example, hairsplitting, personality and sexuality and confidence are unequivocally associated factors, with control issues †regardless of whether concerning exorbitant limitation, or in loss of command over eating, additionally have an overwhelming job. Close by these character characteristics, the idea of self-perception, and how it is depicted is felt to play a significant contributing component to the proceeded with presence and ascent of dietary problems. Weight is frequently observed as a proportion of self-esteem, allure and sexuality, and in this manner this is displayed by the rich and popular that numerous young people turn upward to. Regardless of whether displayed in motion pictures, for example, Demi Moore in Charlie’s Angels, or in design and superstar magaz ines, for example, Vogue or Heat, youngsters are encircled by visual media with pictures of the ideal body and being alluring and (along these lines related) effective, and will obviously need to accomplish this. At the point when more youthful individuals don't feel that they coordinate to this idea of excellence, this can go about as the mental trigger to any of the conditions referenced. The spread of dietary issues over the world close by Westernization to landmasses once liberated from such conditions, has additionally shown the job that culture applies over these ailments. Correspondence advances, for example, the web have likewise made the exchange of data, for example, deceives and tips between victims simpler by associating a once covered up and disengaged populace, the alleged ‘Pro-ana (Anorexia) and Pro-mia (Bulimia)’ sites and talk rooms, which may likewise strengthen victim through the social emotionally supportive network such ‘societies and groupsâ €™ involve. Job of the media in the message it convey about dietary problems is subsequently blended †articles in the composed press have all the earmarks of being excusing the conduct, but perusing behind the lines frequently evades to something different A profile article on Calistra Flockhart in Hello! Magazine depicts her anorexia, but then in a similar sentence tells how her ‘look’ is the thing that handled her the job in the TV arrangement Ally McBeal. Men’s magazines, for example, FHM and Loaded run yearly evaluations of the most alluring ladies, and therefore fortify the male disposition of slenderness as appealing, and ladies consider this to be further case of how they accept they are relied upon to look. Anyway there is proof for good faith that that there is a move in the belief system of excellence recently described in the 1990’s as the ‘waif supermodel look’ of Kate Moss and Jodie Kidd. Stars, for example, Beyonce and Jenifer Lopez are starting to change the limits of allure, rehashing the vibe of the womanly figure and bends. REFERENCES Abraham, S Llewellyn-Jones, D (1992) Eating Disorders: The Facts Oxford University Press Bryan, J (1999) Talking Points: Eating Disorders Wayland Publishers Ltd Carlson, N () Physiology of conduct (fourth Ed) Allyn Bacon Donnellan, C (2001) Confronting dietary problems Volume 24 Independence Web References www.hellomagazine.com www.eatingdisorderresources.com

Mongolian Effects on Russia and China

In the years somewhere in the range of 1100 and 1400 the Mongol domain extended the most remote of any realm from the beginning of time. Inside the enormous land under Mongol guideline laid the terrains of China and Russia. The Mongols realized how to keep up their domain yet had various methods of doing it in each part. This lead to the different, dissimilar methods of overseeing the two grounds. In China and Russia, the Mongol period got a huge change political and affordable force. In China, political effect from the Mongols fell off a lot stricter than it did in Russia.The pioneer of the Mongolians, Kublai Khan guided the Mongols to vanquish the Southern Song line. Despite the fact that the Mongols had controlled domains, which included current northern China for a long time, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan authoritatively acknowledged a customary Chinese style. When Kublai Khan set up the Yuan line, he essentially vanquished the entirety of China. The Chinese werenâ€℠¢t as politically free as the Russians. For instance Chinese were not permitted to between wed. He additionally prohibited Chinese researchers from learning Mongolian content and kept the two militaries separate.Mongol political control in Russia was unique in relation to China. One could contend that Mongolia was somewhat â€Å"looser† with the Russian government. The Russians were so anyone might hear a great sovereign to lead under Mongolian force yet they had to pay tribute. Not exclusively did the Mongol guideline hugy affect the governmental issues of China and Russia however the economy was influenced too. During the Mongolian guideline, the China turned into a heart of exchange for the Eastern world. This gave the Mongols full oversight of the Silk Road. China had things that such a significant number of different places on the planet needed, for example, silk and porcelain.With an appeal for these Chinese merchandise the occupations were made, exchange prospered, and the Mongolians exceptionally profited by the blasting economy in China. The Mongols had a totally different impact on the Russian economy than the Chinese economy. The Mongols made the Russian economy crash, which caused Russia to restart the entirety of its horticultural issues. This constrained Russia to depend for the most part on laborer work. Paper cash was additionally being made which caused significant swelling. Rather than turning into a problem area for exchange, Russia became more fragile do to the financial Mongol torment.

CPW 2013The Parent Experience!

CPW 2013…The Parent Experience! Much of Boston and certainly the ladies in the sorority house where I live in Boston are preparing to enjoy the marathon on this coming Monday but first we are getting ready for Campus Preview Weekend (CPW) which starts tomorrow. It is always wonderful to see so many parents on campus taking part in events that will help them to know what MIT is like, just like their children are doing while they are here. Since I am involved with many of the parent events during the weekend it makes sense for me to offer some tips about how you can get the most of your time on campus. The first question I often hear from parents is, what events should I attend with my child? In truth, there wont be very many of them if you are each doing what interests you the most. With hundreds of options over the next few days, there are lots of things to choose from and parents will probably not want answers to the same questions that students will. That said, its important to check in occasionally so Id suggest you pick an event where you can meet up with your student each day (perhaps the Presidents Welcome on Friday morning and the Closing Variety Show on Saturday evening) but mostly I hope you will encourage them “do their own thing” and know that its good for you to do the same. It’s the best way for them to figure out if they are comfortable and at home on our campus and the best way for you to be comfortable with them being here. I hope you’ll ask lots of questions. It’s the way our students learn and will work well for you too. Current students are great resources so don’t be afraid to ask them about their experiences. In addition weve enlisted the help of a great group of current students parents called Parent Connectors. Theyll be available throughout the weekend to address those issues that are most important to you, the parent, so dont be afraid to ask for their opinionsthey know exactly how you feel since they were asking those same questions just a year or so ago. They are also easy to locate in their red Parent Connector polo shirts so keep a lookout for them. A great place to find a parent to talk to would be in the Parent’s Hospitality Lounge. Grab a cup of coffee or tea and chat with current MIT parents as well as other parents of MIT prefrosh. Also, learn about the MIT Parents Association and the Parent Connector Network from current volunteers and staff. I hope you’ll be open-minded during your visit with us. I live with current students and their life at MIT is somewhat different than mine was when I was here. Im sure youll feel the same way too. Its just not the way we remember it. I remember fondly my mother’s first comments in viewing my dorm when I was a student at MIT but for me it was the perfect choice for my four years at MIT. Bring comfortable shoes and a jacket or sweater and perhaps even an umbrella. Weather can change quickly in Boston, especially in the springtime, so you should be prepared for anything. Boston is a great walking city and I hope youll take some time to see the environs around MIT as well the campus itself and the best way to do that is on foot. Even just a short walk along the river can be a nice break from all the events of the day. Have questions regarding your students financial aid package or the financial aid process in general? There will be an open house Thursday, Friday and Saturday at Student Financial Services so you can stop in and get your questions answered. On Thursday and Friday there will be comprehensive presentations by Executive Director of Student Financial Services, Elizabeth Hicks. Parents and students are welcome to attend either of these programs on the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how your financial aid award was determined, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work and much more. But that is just the beginning Events Parent Welcome on Thursday night at 7:30 pm in room 26-100. Stu Schmill, Dean of Admissions, Chancellor Eric Grimson and Professor Alex Slocum will welcome the Class of 2017 parents to Campus Preview Weekend. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni on Friday night at 5:00 pm in Walker Memorial. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association and the MIT Club of Boston, this reception is your chance to meet and mingle with Parent Connectors, Educational Counselors and other MIT Alumni. The presenter will be Kuljot Anand 13 who will talk about his MIT experience and is a student I first met when he came to an MIT information session in Toronto. Insight for Parents by Parents is Saturday morning at 9:00 am in room 10-250. A panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association. There will be coffee provided, so please come and join us. Panels Sessions About Residential Life and Dining. Our on-campus residential community boasts residence halls, fraternities, sororities and independent living groups as well as a wide variety of dining services. There will be a discussion covering life in residences, residential support offerings, activities, dining options, roommate matching and more. The Urban Campus: Campus Safety Security. John DiFava, Chief of MIT Police and others will address these issues and answer your questions. Academic Programming and Support Panel. Learn about the many kind of interactions that occur between students and faculty at MIT and the wonderful collaborative environment in which they work and study together. Getting Your Child Ready to Have a Healthy First Year. Join staff from MIT Medical to learn resources, tips, and strategies that help students start healthy and stay healthy during college. Student Activities, Athletics and Leadership Panel. Learn about the many ways students are engaged in campus activities that enhance areas of intellectual, personal, athletic and social development. Open Houses Multiple open houses will be held over the weekend. These include areas relating to Medical Services, Careers Development, Hillel, Global Education (study abroad and more), Pre-Professional Advising (Pre-Med and more), departments, and housing. I’ve named just a handful of the events created with you in mind for CPW and it really is just the tip of the iceberg. Well provide you with a full schedule when you get here but to get a head start on your plans check out the online listings on our CPW site: http://mitcpw.org/schedule. See you soon!

Code Of Ethics And Ethics - 1457 Words

Code of Ethics A business code of ethics is a series of established principles an organization uses when operating in business or society. Organizations often develop these codes to ensure that all individuals working in the company operate according to the same standards. Most individuals have an internal code of ethics or moral principles they follow in life. A situation one individual finds ethically reprehensible may not seem so to another individual. Using a code of ethics in business attempts to create a basic understanding of acceptable ethical behavior to be used when handling situations involving the company, government agencies and the general public. Outline of Ethical code of Conduct: A code of ethics is a document that†¦show more content†¦These individuals choose the ethical stance of their company since they are responsible for all aspects of the organization. While managers and employees may not agree with the business owner on his ethical values, the owner may choose to hire individuals who agree with his ethical business stance. A business owner may also develop an ethical code based on his personal or religious beliefs regarding how individuals and organizations should operate in business or society. Organizational Mission Companies may use an organizational mission statement to create their code of ethics. Once the business owner or entrepreneur leaves the company or passes on, the organization may be devoid of its ethical compass. To rectify this situation, current directors or managers may look at the mission statement and values the organization was started on and develop a code of ethics based on this information. This source of business ethics allows organizations to create a lasting ethical code that may be present in the company for years to come. An organizational mission statement coupled with a business code of ethics may also be used as a training tool for new employees hired by the company. Society or Culture An organizational code of ethics may be created based on the current societal or cultural beliefs of the country in which the company is based. Many countries have different understandings of business ethics or morals. An organization may chooseShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics : Code Ethics1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CODE OF ETHICS 1 CODE OF ETHICS 5 Code of Ethics Hieu Le Columbia Southern University Code of ethics is the most essential aspect of the society that organizations and individuals need to fulfill and apply this aspect in their workplaces and families in order to achieveRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics912 Words   |  4 Pagesessential for the organization to have a strong code of ethics to ensure all employees understand the ethical expectations of the organization. The code acts as a guide for employees to ensure they apply ethical decision making in the workplace. As the manager you will play an essential role in disseminating this information to employees as well as ensuring they are in compliance with the code. Employees must understand the consequences of failing to uphold the code and the importance of reporting ethicalRead MoreEthics Of The Code Of Ethics946 Words   |  4 PagesIt is a violation of the code of ethics and they don’t consequentially suggest lawful accountability or infringement of the law. Such strength of character can be capable of simply be situated in the perspective of lawful and official procedures. Unproven infringements of the code of ethics would be questioned to a colleague assessment procedure. 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This code is important for our employees, customers, shareholders and partners. This code explains and summarizes our stander that protects the company s reputability and its business from any risk. Moreover, it shows how we deal with our partners. We believe that our success depends on the actions of our members and partners. Because of that, we are committed to make sure that everyone in our company is compliance with this Code and other law. †¢ Binding scope. This Code of Ethics is written

Introduction to Industrial Relations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2131 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Contents Assignment Question2 Background3 Introduction 3 Perspectives in Employment Relations 4 Conclusions6 References7 Introduction to Industrial Relations Title: In your view which of the two perspectives (Unitarist or Pluralist) discussed by Alan Fox in his 1966 article (copy on Moodle) most closely fits the world of work of today. Tasks: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Introduction to Industrial Relations" essay for you Create order Read the article on perspectives written by Alan Fox, (1966) Industrial Sociology and Industrial Relations, Donovan Commission Research Paper No. 3, HMSO, London. A copy is available on Moodle. Compare and contrast the two perspectives (Unitarist and Pluralist). In essence you will be emphasising the strengths (appropriateness) of one perspective and the weaknesses (inappropriateness) of the other perspective. Your argument should be fully supported by reference to the Fox article, other articles available to you on Moodle, academic publications in the college library or other appropriate academic sources. Academic research must be the basis of your exploration of the topic. You may draw on personal experience to illustrate your discussion. You should, however, avoid an over-reliance on personal experience as this will weaken rather than strengthen the integrity of your work. Your Bibliography must include appropriate reference to Foxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s article as well as a number of other academic writers in the industrial relations field. Background Industrial Relation is a field of studies that includes a set of phenomena that regulates inside and outside the workplace, which is concerned with determining and controlling the employment relationship. This paper explains the basis of employment relationship and analyse the motivations with the main set of frame of references which will influence behaviour and help managers to shape methods to understand social phenomena. Alan Fox suggest ways in which frame of reference plays an important role on employment relations and organisations, according to (fox. 1966:1) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ones attitude towards anything depends on ones frame of referenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (fox. 1966:1) Implying that it depends on the personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value, belief and determines judgement which in turn shows the persons motivated behaviour in response to objects when they are professed. More specially, the theory of frame of reference helps to access behaviours outcomes and institutions no t just the individual but as a group to separate the employer and employees ideology. In this essay on the Unitarist and Plurist perspectives there will be three main strands. Firstly, I will evaluate the two perspectives to the extent of what they mean and why they are important, to the point of their strengths and weaknesses. Secondly, I will discuss the key principles by placing them in an employment relationship and workplace to see what implications arise from each perspective such as conflict and see how management power and control each one with the link of ideologies from management and employees that influence the shape of their actions. Finally, I will discuss the possible future direction of the employment relationship with my final conclusion and opinion. 2.0 Introduction The Unitary perspective which is a capitalist society or viewed as one happy family, emphasis on cooperative relations at work and assumes that the organisation is or should be an integrated gr oup of people or team with a single authority and loyalty structure with a set of common values, interests and objectives shared by all members of the organisation. According to Guinnigle, Wallace, and McMahon they suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the Unitary perspective on employee relations systems is all that an employment units should be cohesive and harmonious with total commitment to the attainment of a common goal with a structure and purpose with shared goals, values and interests with one source of authority and the staff relations are set upon a plinth of mutuality and harmonyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Guinnigle, Wallace and McMahon, 2004, p. 26). A key strength of Unitary is that they want to integrate employer and employee interest so it can enhance employee commitment and loyalty. Employees are seen as important stakeholders of organisation so their well being is considered in ensuring the welfare of organisation. Untarist assumes that all stakeholders are rational members who will find common interests. This provides a steady rationale for stressing common goals so that a stable employment relations system can be achieved. Conflict is perceived as disruptive with the clashes of personalities or poor communication and is resolved by coercion which includes the law or management power therefore trade unions are deemed as unnecessary or an intrusion from the outside. According to Salamon, (2000) he implies that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ the managerial prerogative is used so that managers have the right to manage and make decisions is regarded legitimate rule, rational and accepted and any opposition to it is seen as irrationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Salamon, 2000, pp5). The typical weakness is that the lack of realization between employer and employee that there is a power inequality which in turns generates conflict plus it is unclear how individual worker sentiment can be integrate into organisations objectives because Unitary is very normative and lacks description of how common interest can be identified and shared across organisation. They only assume that members are rationale enough to reach solid decisions on how personal and organisations interest are to be combined. The Pluralist views society as being post capitalist where its being made up of powerful and divergent sub groups, ownership is distinguished from management and authority and power in society are more distributed. This approach sees conflict of interest and disagreements between managers and workers which causes competitiveness between sub groups of leadership, authority and loyalty. Fox argues that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it gives rise to a complex of tensions and competing claims which have to be managed in the interests of maintaining a viable collaborative structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (fox, 1973, op. cit, p. 193). The role of management would lean less towards enforcing and controlling and more toward persuasion and co-ordination by dynamic process to achieve their objecti ves which then employees, individual mangers and management are all judged. Pluristà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s believe that effective industrial relations interventions can resolve conflict while it makes use of conflict management to engage groups that are in conflict so that resolutions can be discussed and implemented. The girth of employee relations policies can make Plurism beneficial for diverse organisation and national cultures. Williams and Adam-smith suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“there is now an emphasis on developing procedures that are designed to resolve conflict in particular establishment of bargaining relationships with trade unions, given the plurality of interests that potentially existà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Williams and Adam-Smith, 2010, pp13). Trade unions are deemed as legitimate representatives for employees so that they can express their interests and influence management decisions to achieve their objectives. Conflict is dealt by collective bargaining and is viewed not necessarily as a bad thing but if managed could well be in a positive change. Realistic managers should accept conflict to happen because there is a greater propensity for conflict rather than harmony. Salamon suggests that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Trade unions and their representatives are as much an internal part of the organisation which simply provides a highly organised and continuous form of expression for sectional interests which would exist anywayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Salamon, 2000, p8). A typical weakness of Plurist is that it dwells on the rules and procedures and discards the processes that contribute to the resolution of conflict. These rules can not adapt to emerging workplace conditions while Plurist focuses too much on workers interests plus can lead to inefficiencies of collecting bargaining processes. 3.0 Perspectives in Employment Relations In relation to implying both theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s into employment relations and how management power and control each per spective is different because each theory comes from a set of norms, it would be wrong to insist a single theory, but to understand each theory which will help differentiate the individual. In a Unitary perspective on employment relations they are obliged to accept trade unions but they never really are prepared to accept them, they tend to accept the decisions of management and submit to the previous management power. Fox suggests in his article (fox.1966:10) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Modern workers are perfectly safe in the hands of their managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (fox.1966:10). Most managers in a Unitary system would stress about the common purpose of shared goals and objectives with the absence of conflict of interest between employer and employee if asked about their views on employment relations. These beliefs influence their behaviour most importantly management prerogative. For instance with my own experience as I work in the hotel industry that some mangers would show resent ment towards trade unions and try to emphasize that we are a happy team. According to (Wallace, Gunnigle, McMahon, 2004, p.27) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ the consequent rejection of collective bargaining is based upon management perceived legitimate prerogative to proceed without the incumbency of negotiations to attain consent to their decision making initiatives and responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Gunnigle et al., 2004, p.27). The Unitary system is essentially individualist which works best for industrial relations system, many industrial relations systems have shifted from collectivist paradigms to individual paradigms including some companies in the UK so that the Unitary perspective will be useful for industrial relations system. In relation to Pluralist to employment relations which recognises employers and employees interests which will be reconciled if the organization is to function effectively. The main concern for Pluralist system is that any conflict that arises from d ifferent interests is managed and contained in a way that it prevents it causing too much disruption. Conflict is viewed as inherent as a logical feature of work and requires management by representativeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s procedures and specialists institutions. The emphasis is on developing procedures like shop stewards that resolve conflict and collective bargaining from trade unions which is accepted and recognised to protect employees in the employment. According to (Williams, Adam-Smith, 2010, p.13) they suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Managers cannot assume that the organisation is characterized by shared interests and common goals in particular employees will have divergent interests and may want to express them through their own independent institutions, trade unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Williams and Adam-Smith, 2010, p. 13). Trade unions compete with employees and the government for a input to national level in return for wage restraint, cooperation with change and industrial peace, if they fail to resolve differences a third party from the union which provides a resolution of contrasting objectives and conflict, which emphasises the diffusion of power and authority to the organisation. Williams and Adam-Smith suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unions are a means of reasserting managerial authority, stronger bargaining relationship between employers and unions should be encouraged given the advantages of developing effective procedures for contain conflict through joint regulation of the workplace.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Williams and Adam-Smith, 2010, p.13). 4.0 Conclusions In my final conclusion suggest that some of these features will help the future of employment relations by staffing policies that should unify effort which will inspire and motivate workers. Rewards systems should be put in place to help loyalty and commitment in the organisation, with the objectives of every individual employed in the business should discuss and integrated in the organi zationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs. In a Pluralist system the firm should have an industrial relations and personal specialists who advise managers and provide services relating to consultation and negotiation. Union recognition should be encouraged and representatives given scope to carry out their duties with collective agreements should be negotiated with union. The effects of both Philosophies of Pluralist and Unitarist in industrial relations they highlight interests rather than values or they try to combine interests and values, which is important to separate both of them, value from interests because there purpose is different in many ways like group dynamics. Unitarists at least emphasize values but for Pluralists its culture and self-identify which are characteristically important for people. The situation does raise some problems for both Unitarists and Pluralists the main problem for Unitarist is that managing values cause contradiction, for Pluralist it changes the whole st ructure to handling conflict with different rules and trade union recognition as they tend to centre interests rather than values. New structure needs to serve identity groups to allow recognition. Bibliography Fox, A., (1966) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Industrial Sociology and Industrial Relationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Donovan Commission Research Paper No. 3, HMSO, London. pp. 1-10. Fox, A., (1966), Industrial sociology and industrial relations, Research Paper No. 3, Royal commission on Trade Unions and Employers Associations, HMSO , London. pp. 1-10. Gunnigle, P., Wallace, J., and McMahon, G., (2004) Industrial Relations in Ireland. 3rd ed. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. Provis, C., (1996) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Unitarism, Pluralism, Interests and Valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, British Journal of Industrial Relations 34:4 December 1996 0007-1080 pp. 473-495 Salamon, M., (2000), Industrial Relation: Theory AND Practice. 4th ed. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited. Williams, S. and Adam-Smith, D., (2010) Contemporary employment relations: A Critical Introduction. 2nd ed. United States: Oxford university press. https://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/pluralistic-perspective.html https://moodl e.ncirl.ie/mod/resource/view.php?id=28614 https://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/pluralistic-perspective.html https://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/unitary-perspective.html https://moodle.ncirl.ie/mod/resource/view.php?id=28613 https://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/unitary-perspective.html https://moodle.ncirl.ie/mod/resource/view.php?id=28612 Powered by Compare InfoBase Limited (2012) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Industrial disputesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [Online]Available from: https://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/industrial-disputes.html[accessed 29th July [2014]. 1 | Page

The extent to which security is a necessary precondition for development Free Essays

string(56) " region does not directly denote lower violence levels\." Introduction In order to have a better understanding of the role that is played by security in national or global progress, it is vital to first provide an in-depth definition of the term security. There are different definitions of that are used in literature. For instance, Spear and Williams (2012, p. We will write a custom essay sample on The extent to which security is a necessary precondition for development or any similar topic only for you Order Now 7) argue that security is not only the capability of a nation to offer protection of its external and internal values and resources from threats. It also encompasses the manner in which countries plan, implement and evaluate their strategies, issues and policies so as to increase their all-round stability while at the same time reducing their vulnerability levels to threats. Norman (2010, p.299) also defines security as a combination of all components that assure citizens that their property and lives are safe. For countries and the globe at large to prosper, security is among the most vital preconditions (Dobbins, 2009, p.1). In this regard, this paper intends to critically analyze the extent to which security is a prerequisite for development. Whereas it agrees that indeed, security is required for development to take root, some arguments against this statement are also presented. The Role played by Security in Development There is a wide scope over which security or insecurity can be explained. One of these refers to the peace and cohesion among people. Regions that are characterized by peace and minimal conflicts are regarded to as having security (Colletta et al., 2001, p.439). On the contrary, regions without peace are referred to as being insecure because existent tensions often result in violence or war as a result of the inherent differences. Security also refers to how prepared a nation is to defend its citizens from threats that may be either internal or external. This often refers to how well the defence forces or police forces are equipped (Bandyopadhyay Sandler, 2011, p.552). In this context, insecurity is often characterized by high frequencies of terrorism attacks and armed violence. Security also refers to how effectively public resources are managed to serve the interests of all its citizens (Okubo Shelley, 2010, p.136). In many cases, this form of security can be breached by the exis tence of corruption among some government officials or the political elite. Ensuring an all-round security might be challenging, but it facilitates the attainment of development goals that have been set to be achieved. Security is regarded as both a crucial aspect of, and a precondition for development. In situations that are characterized by high insecurity levels, development becomes more difficult to attain (Dobbins, 2009, p.1). Instead, there are failures in economic growth with affected countries registering negative growth. Social cohesion and integration among communities is also adversely affected, and may further lead to other disasters like war, food shortages, and other humanitarian crises. Such scenarios have existed in the past, and continue to exist across the globe in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo (Grenfell James, 2008, p.4). Even with the democratic republic of Congo being endowed with numerous natural resources and a good climate for Agriculture, war and insecurity have stunted its development. It is currently featured on the UN’s list of the 48 least developed nations (UNCTAD, 2013). Even in nations that are regarded as being comparatively peaceful, incid ents of insecurity have a direct impact on their development. Any form of crime can be referred to as a security threat. These also include corruption and nepotism, which impose heavy burdens on taxpayers, adversely affecting the economic and political development of a nation. However, one of the issues that can be pointed out about the UNCTAD report is the fact that most of its data focuses on developing countries. Even though it is apparent that developing countries are the most prone to crime and insecurity and crime, it also affects developed nations. For instance, the United States has 14,612 annual homicide cases per 100,000 people (UNODC, 2012). Development can also be hampered by the simple fact that there are inefficient security structures in place (Dobbins, 2009, p.1). Therefore, it is vital for governments to ensure that their security sectors are efficient because it is the only way in which development programs are likely to succeed. Relation between Insecurity and Underdevelopment Several studies have been carried out in the past to evaluate the relationship that exists between insecurity and underdevelopment (Geneva Declaration, 2010, p.21). For instance, armed violence, which either results from crime or war, has an adverse impact on the attainment of millennium development goals in several countries. These goals are even made more difficult to attain in cases where there are higher internal and external risk factors, continuum of conflict and high insecurity levels. From a recent study that was carried out by Howe (2012, p.349) on how unstable or in a fragile states are doing in terms of their progress towards attaining MDGs, it was established that no fragile nation has made any reasonable progress. Insecurity or armed violence, for this matter, adversely affects other contributors towards development like accessibility to education (Geneva Declaration, 2010, p.20). Some of the effects of insecurity or violence on national development are summarized in the table below. While armed violence or insecurity leads to underdevelopment, it has also been established by other researchers that underdevelopment also triggers insecurity. Countries that are characterized by severe economic and social inequalities – also referred to as horizontal inequality – are at high risks or getting into recurrent conflict. Therefore, more security can be attained if wealth or power distribution is done more evenly (Geneva Declaration, 2010, p.22). Typically, it is expected that since insecurity or conflict hampers development, peace will lead to increased development. However, the correlation between conflict and underdevelopment, does not match with that between peace and development (Spear Williams, 2012, p.313). Prevalence of peace does not necessarily translate to high levels of development. In addition to this, Denney (2013) argues that high development levels in a certain nation or geographical region does not directly denote lower violence levels. You read "The extent to which security is a necessary precondition for development" in category "Essay examples" A good example is the sub-national conflicts in Asia, which is arguably the most enduring and widespread conflict in the entire Asian continent. Within the past two decades that spread from 1992 to 2012, the Southeast and South Asian regions have witnessed approximately 26 conflicts (Parks et al., 2013). However, amidst these conflicts, these regions have registere d significant development over the recent past. This evidence clearly indicates that development is not necessarily dependent on peace. Therefore, it be argued that violence or insecurity inhibits the countries’ potentials of attaining their projected development goals within the appropriate timeframe. Effects of National security on FDI Development in many countries partly relies on foreign direct investments. However, for a company to set up operations in a certain country, several factors are considered. Key among these is security (Waziri, 2012, p.93). Nations that assure investors of security of their business assets and workforce are likely to benefit from FDI than those marred with insecurity or civil wars. It is worth noting that foreign direct investments contribute to the development of a country by paying taxes, creating employment for citizens and also encouraging innovation in local businesses as they compete with these multinationals (Waziri, 2012, p.93). While relatively secure nations benefit from increased FDI inflows, insecure nations continue grappling with unemployment and poor economic growth. Insecurity also contributes to an increase in levels of immigration, especially of potentially resourceful individuals, to more secure countries. As a result of this, insecure countries are deprived of huma n intellectual capital while secure nations continue benefitting from an increased influx of the same. One of the nations that are regarded as insecure for FDIs is Somalia (Mihalache?O’keef Li, 2011, p.83). Indeed, it is among the least developed nations in the world, characterized by existence of extremist groups like the Al-Shabaab, unending wars, famine and poverty (Muggah, 2013, p.135). Whereas it is expected that inflow of FDI is more in countries that are secure and corruption free, the levels of insecurity that investors face are dependent on several factors. For instance, government officials in countries where many foreign companies wish to invest are likely to develop corruption traits. On the other hand, countries with minimal inflow of FDI may want to portray a corruption-free image so as to attract investors. Security, Democracy and Development According to Dobbins (2009, p.3), there is a strong link that exists between security, democracy and development. Security is needed to assure a nation of sustainable economic growth and democracy. Even in cases of minimal or no foreign aid, ensuring that there are security measures in place to minimize possibilities of conflict will definitely lead to a reasonable economic growth and political stability (Harms, 2013, p.32). Conversely, even with foreign economic assistance, lack of sufficient security will undermine the development potential that can be attained. For a long time, democracy has been credited for long-term stability and peace in nations and as a consequence, associated economic development, social cohesion and overall prosperity of the nation. Without democracy, security and development may not be sustainable. Diamond and Plattner (2001, p.10) posit that democracy has both intrinsic and instrumental roles in development. Intrinsically, democracy makes people capable o f living a free and autonomous life. Instrumentally, democracy provides a guarantee that the created laws and policies are in sync with the needs and interests of citizens. Therefore, it can be argued that democracy determines people’s quality of life and overall development. This clearly indicates that there are other factors alongside security that contribute towards sustainable development. The best way in which the effects of security on development can be evaluated is by comparing the levels of security across different countries with their levels of development. The most secure countries, as presented by the Human Security Bulletin (2010), include Norway, New Zealand and Denmark. These countries also feature among the most developed nations in the world. This indicates that security is among the factors that contribute towards development. Even though the role played by security in development is evident, it should be noted that development also has several other preconditions apart from security. These include education, food security and democracy (Vitola Senfelde, 2010, p.327). Development also contributes towards ensuring that high levels of security are maintained in a country. Therefore, while security is regarded as being a prerequisite for development, development is also a precondition for security. Conclusion Security is one of the key contributors to national development. As presented in this paper, the wide scope over which security affects a country can make it challenging to wholly implement. Countries that are known to be safe or secure have the highest levels of development, while those that have high occurrences of unrest and insecurity are classified as the least developed. Some of the least developed nations that are also known to have high insecurity include Somalia and Afghanistan. Whereas the main argument presented in this paper is that security is a prerequisite for development, it has been explained that there are other contributing factors like education, which combine with security to facilitate development. Another argument that has been presented in this paper is that the levels of development in a nation also have a direct impact on the levels of security. Developed countries have less insecurity incidents than developed countries. Future research should address strate gies that less secure countries, which are also less developed, can use to increase their levels of security so as to increase their development. References Bandyopadhyay, S. Sandler, T., 2011. The Interplay Between Preemptive and Defensive Counterterrorism Measures: A Two?stage Game. Economica, 78(311), pp.546-64. Colletta, N.J., Lim, T.G. Kelles-Viitanen, A., 2001. Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention in Asia: Managing Diversity Through Development. New York: World Bank Publications. Denney, L., 2013. Insecurity disrupts development, but peace doesn’t drive it. [Online] Available at: http://www.thebrokeronline.eu/Blogs/Post-2015-shaping-a-global-agenda/Insecurity-disrupts-development-but-peace-doesn-t-drive-it [Accessed 4 January 2014]. Diamond, L. Plattner, ?.F., 2001. The Global Divergence of Democracies. Maryland: JHU Press. Dobbins, J., 2009. The Role of Security in Development. [Online] Available at: http://www.l20.org/publications/18_M7_ODA_Dobbins.pdf [Accessed 4 January 2014]. Geneva Declaration, 2010. More Violence, Less Development: Examining the relationship between armed violence and MDG achievement. [Online] Available at: http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/MDG_Process/MoreViolenceLessDevelopment.pdf [Accessed 4 January 2014]. Grenfell, D. James, P., 2008. Rethinking Insecurity, War and Violence: Beyond Savage GlobalizationOxon: Taylor Francis. Harms, P., 2013. Demographic structure and the security of property rights: The role of development and democracy. European Journal of Political Economy, 5(7), pp.23-37. Howe, B.M., 2012. Governance in teh Interests of the Most Vulnerable. Public Administration and Development, 32(4-5), pp.345-56. Human Security Bulletin, 2010. Top 3 most safe countries in teh World. [Online] Available at: http://www.humansecuritybulletin.info/safe_countries.html [Accessed 4 January 2014]. Mihalache?O’keef, A. Li, Q., 2011. Modernization vs. Dependency Revisited: Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Food Security in Less Developed Countries. International Studies Quarterly, 55(1), pp.71-93. Muggah, R., 2013. Stabilization Operations, Security and Development: States of Fragility. New Jersey: Routledge. Norman, T.L., 2010. Risk Analysis and Security Countermeasure Selection. Florida: CRC Press. Okubo, S. Shelley, L., 2010. The anti-corruption industry: from movement to institution. New Jersey: Taylor Francis. Parks, T., Colletta, N. Oppenheim, B., 2013. The Contested Corners of Asia: Subnational Conflict and International Development Assistance. Washington, DC: The Asia Foundation The Asia Foundation. Spear, J. Williams, P?.D., 2012. Security and Development in Global Politics: A Critical Comparison. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. UNCTAD, 2013. UN List of Least Developed Countries. [Online] Available at: http://unctad.org/en/pages/aldc/Least%20Developed%20Countries/UN-list-of-Least-Developed-Countries.aspx [Accessed 3 January 2014]. UNODC, 2012. Intentional homicide, count and rate per 100,000 population (1995-2011). New York: UNODC United Nations. Vitola, A. Senfelde, M., 2010. The Optimization of National Development Planning System as a Precondition for Competitiveness and Sustainability of National Economy. Economics Management, 15, pp.325-31. Waziri, K.M., 2012. Industrial Property Rights Protection and Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria: The Economic Implication. Journal of Politics and Law, 5(1), p.93. How to cite The extent to which security is a necessary precondition for development, Essay examples

Software Testing and Continuous Quality Improvement †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Software Testing and Continuous Quality Improvement. Answer: Introduction: Continuous improvement refers to the ongoing efforts of companies for improving quality of their products, services or business processes. It is also well known as continual improvement process. For some of the organizations, continuous improvement process is a meta-process which improves their most of the management systems like project management, quality management, business process management, program management and many others. It is a never-ending change which works for increasing efficiency and effectiveness of a firm (First, Kendler and Leibenluft, 2017). For the current study, given a case study of Latino Engineering, a midsize organization of New South Wales, Australia is taken into consideration. By focusing on the situation of the body, the file explains the causes of its problem by using appropriate tools and techniques, a plan for eliminating them and continuous improvement plan for ending them. Identification of the root cause with the help of appropriate tools and techniques According to the given case, Latino Engineering a medium scale firm is situated in New South Wales, Australia. The company offers to design, developing and manufacturing of the engineering equipment to the different industrial sectors such as construction, infrastructure, etc. The cited firm is working for 30 years and famous among the customers due to its quality of services and products. After a specific time, Dominic Latino took a big step of selling outrights of the company to the suitable investment group. After 12 months of the takeover, Latino Engineering started receiving complaints from the clients. It is essential for the company to resolve these claims for maintaining its brand image among the clients. For handling the situation, it is necessary to understand the cause of the allegations, and this can be done only by using appropriate tools and techniques. In context to this, some of the 7 Quality Control tools are described below which will help in identifying the cause o f the problem efficiently (Milner, Milner, Savage and Savage, 2016). Cause and Effect Tool: This is also called as fishbone method which represents the various causes of occurring incident. This method includes the group causes into the categories: People, methods, materials, environment, machines, and measurements. Concerning this, 5 Ms is appropriate for the Latino Engineering for finding the root cause of its problem. Machine: The Company is using latest technologies for designing, developing and manufacturing the systems. There is no problem in this factor of the Latino Engineering as all the machines are updated and as per the requirement of time. Methods: The processes used by the employees of the firm are somewhere inappropriate as clients are receiving defective equipment, wrong packaged products along with long turnaround time. This represents that company processes are improper which is decreasing the quality of services to the clients (Dale, 2015). Materials: The type of raw materials, techniques, information and consumables used by the Latino Engineering are of high quality. There is no ignorance concerning the quality of materials used for the production of equipment. Man: The root cause of the complaints is the workforce of the Latino Engineering. According to the case, the company is receiving claims in the area of defective equipment; poor follow up with the clients, no response to the customers, etc. This shows that workers of the firm are working carelessly and this is affecting the quality of services and products as well. Medium: The environment of Latino Engineering can also be the reason behind occurring problems as the company has purchased by the investors. Due to which some senior engineers with good experience, proper knowledge, leave the organization. Lack of talented and experienced employees in the company can result to create a problem in handling issues and managing processes. Check Sheet: In this, the company gathers the data in real time at the location from where it was generated. With the help of this, data is collected in the form of defect type, defect location and defect cause. In context to it, defect type is related to the equipment manufactured by the firm, defect location is nothing, and defect cause is the improper management of the business activities. This collected information shows that quality of the machines is decreasing with time after the takeover of the Latino Engineering. Histogram: This tool helped in understanding the problem in graphical representation. While using this method, data regarding the sales, profitability, cost related to raw materials, etc. are calculated. The graph shows decline in the sales along with profit margin which shows dissatisfaction of the clients towards the equipment and services of Latino Engineering. Control Chart: This tool of quality control helps in finding whether the business processes are in a state of control or not. Use of this tool shows that quality of the products and services of the Latino Engineering are not right which results to dissatisfy the customers. Various complaints within a year of turnover represent that control over the business processes is not appropriate. The company needs to analyze its internal working environment for handling the issue (Hexom and Menoher, 2015). Pareto Chart: In this, left vertical axis of the graph represents the frequency of occurrence whereas right vertical axis defines the cumulative percentage of the total number of incidents, total cost, etc. The bars show that before the take over the company was gaining high profit due to more demand for equipment but after the takeover, this line has been decreased which indicates that there is some change in the business processes and management processes of the firm. Thus, from the above tools of Quality control, it is clear that main reason behind the occurring problems in Latino Engineering is its turnover. After this, the company is facing issues regarding the low-quality equipment and services. Turnover of the firm results to make senior workers leave their job for better opportunities. Lack of talented and experienced employees is affecting the management of business processes, decisions regarding manufacturing strategies and approaches and other management activities. All this is resulting to improper packaging and delivering of the products to the clients, damages in equipment, poor follow up and many other complaints. It is essential for the organization to search out best suitable solutions for the problems for regaining its market position and reputation. Propose a plan for eliminating the cause by taking required resources into consideration The plan for eliminating the cause of occurring problems in Latino Engineering needs Critical Success Factors (CSF). These factors are essential for the companies or their projects to accomplish the missions. This is also called as key result area (KRA) and Key Success Factors (KSF). As a project management consultant, it is clear that CSF will help the organization in handling its complaints related to the poor quality of equipment, improper customer service, inappropriate follow-up and many others. For developing an effective continuous improvement plan, it is necessary to find the right critical success factors which can help the respected firm in accomplishing its objective of eliminating the root causes of the problems. The CSF which can help in improving the issues by handling the causes behind them are described as below: Leadership: According to the given case, employees of the Latino Engineering are unable to provide desired products and services to the customers who are tending to dissatisfaction. For handling this issue, it is necessary to have experienced and skilled leader who can guide and monitor the work of the workers. Under the guidance of the leader, staff members of the cited firm will able to improve their performance and working capabilities. Along with this, use of participative leadership style will help workers in taking appropriate decisions regarding the follow up with clients, handling queries of the customers, delivery, and packaging of the equipment and many others. Apart from this, leadership will also enhance motivation level and self-esteem of the employees which will create open and interactive working environment of the organization (Lewis, 2016). Training and education: Latino engineering needs to provide appropriate training to its employees for developing their management, communication, decision making, etc. skills along with knowledge regarding the production, packaging, and delivery of the produced equipment. This critical success factor will help in fulfilling the absence of senior engineers for handling the business processes effectively and efficiently. Training will also enhance the quality of production which will improve the complaints of the clients regarding this. Along with this, training needs to be conducted under the guidance of experts which will lead to answering the queries of the employees regarding the poor services. Training is required in order to provide customer service team of the Latino Engineering for enhancing their problem solving, communication, time management, and relationship management skills. This will eliminate the complaint of customers regarding the non-responsive customer service team. Customer Focus: Another critical success factor for eliminating the cause is to pay attention to the demands and needs of the clients. By focusing on the customer requirements, employees of the company will able to handle the issues regarding the wrong engineering equipment packaging and delivery, defective engineering equipment and too long turnaround time for the issue resolution. It is the prime responsibility of the organizations to fulfill wants, desires, and needs of their customers. In context to this, Latino Engineering must look after the requirements of their clients along with the issues occurring to them. This critical success factor will not only improve the market position of the firm but also redevelop the trust and loyalty of consumers towards it. Project Tracking and reviewing: By using this critical success factor, Latino Engineering will able to improve its packaging and delivering processes along with reducing the chances of producing damaging engineering equipment. It is necessary for the company to track and review the business processes for handling occurring issues and enhancing the quality. This CSF will lead to improving the quality of equipment by documenting and storing the information regarding the delivery of materials. With the help of above CSF, Latino Engineering will able to design effective and efficient continuous improvement plan. The Continuous process improvement (CPI) program which will lead to the formation of CIP is as follows: Identification of the issue: In this step, the problem of the Latino Engineering will be identified. As per the case, the company is suffering from delivery of inferior quality products or services to the customers which is affecting its brand image, market reputation, and customer base. The primary issue is lack of proper management strategies for handling the manufacturing processes along with workers performance. Documentation: In this stage of CPI, Latino Engineering needs to keep a record of all the problems it is facing along with the CSF which can handle them properly. This will help in the appropriate assessment of the issues like poor customer service, damaged equipment, wrong packaging and delivery of products, etc. Alignment with the organizations values, vision, and strategy: It is necessary that the changes which are proposed should fit the plan and vision of the Latino Engineering. The firm can use business values for supporting the change and improving the present situation. In this, CSF customer focus will lead to fair decision-making process regarding the selection of strategies and approaches. What is needed? In this, Latino Engineering will segregate the processes which need to stop, improve and replace. This division of operations will handle them as per the requirement and lead to taking decisions related to implementing changes (10 Steps to Continuous Improvement. 2017). Delegation: Latino engineering will make sure that all the workers along with their leaders will support the change. This will lead to the commission of work and responsibilities as per the talent and expertise of the employees. Nomination of the most desirable candidate will help in driving change regarding the improvement in customer services, change in strategies for packaging and delivery of products, etc. Communication: By communicating the needed changes along with regular updates regarding the implementation will lead to better results. Sharing the information with the employees will increase their contribution and interest in making appropriate adjustments for handling the issues. CSF like training, leadership, etc. will help in applying this step of CPI effectively. Starting small: By breaking the changes into the small goals, Latino Engineering will able to resolve each complaint one by one. This will also implement the changes more easily and effectively. One by one resolution of the problem will improve and enhance the quality of equipment and services. Feedback: In this step, top management level of the company will have to take feedbacks from the both customers and employees. These reviews about the implemented change will aware about the results and level of improvement occurred in the problems. An open discussion will inform about the actual image of implemented solutions for handling the complaints discussed in the case. Monitoring: It is important to monitor every step of collecting information regarding the impact of change on the overall performance and quality of the business processes and workers. Regular monitoring will also help in handling the issues causes during the process of implementation of change into the working environment of Latino Engineering. Project tracking and reviewing CSF will assist in monitoring the impact of applied solutions for improving the quality of services. The above program will help in handling the issues of Latino Engineering effectively. These steps will help in development and deployment of the proper continuous improvement plan for resolving the problems described of the case (Dale, 2015). A continuous improvement plan From the above-discussed CPI program, an ongoing improvement plan for the Latino Engineering is as follows: S.No. Issue Improvement action required Responsible person date outcome 1 Poor customer services Training to the customer service team for enhancing their communication, problem-solving, etc. skills Project Manager 2 months Proper handling of queries, development of effective relations with customers 2. Defective Engineering equipment Proper monitoring of the processes and selection of new strategies for reducing the chances of producing faulty products Production Manager 1 month Less defective equipment, high-quality products as per the needs of customers 3. Poor design and development follow up with the clients Formation of follow up under the guidance of leader Leader 2 weeks Proper discussion with the customers, adequate follow up with communication regarding the new strategies, techniques, etc. 4. Too long turnaround time for issue resolution Solving the problem under the guidance of leader, focus on the customers issue for offering the quality services Project Manager 2 weeks Implementation of Risk assessment process for handling the problems effectively. 5. Wrong engineering equipment regarding the packaged and delivered to the clients Proper monitoring of the processes Production Manager and team 2 months Packaging of right product and delivery to the right customer Recommendations Recommendations are explained below which Latino Engineering needs to follow: Company should analyze the working environment time to time for evaluating any risk or issue Organization need to use risk assessment process for identifying available risks The firm should hire senior workers for improving business processes. Conclusion From the above, it is concluded that Latino Engineering will able to handle the problems with the help of effective Continue process improvement which will result in the development of Continuous Improvement Plan. References Dale, B., 2015.Total quality management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. First, M.B., Kendler, K.S., and Leibenluft, E., 2017. The future of the DSM: implementing a continuous improvement model.Jama Psychiatry,74(2), pp.115-116. Hexom, D. and Menoher, J., 2015, January. Using Data-Driven Decision Making for Continuous Improvement in University Programs. InInternational Conference on Education and e-Learning (EeL). Proceedings(p. 40). Global Science and Technology Forum. Lewis, W.E., 2016.Software testing and continuous quality improvement. CRC press. Milner, C.D., Milner, C.D., Savage, B.M., and Savage, B.M., 2016. Modeling continuous improvement evolution in the service sector: A comparative case study.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,8(3), pp.438-460. 10 Steps to Continuous Improvement. 2017. [Online]. Available Through: https://thisisremarkable.com/business-tips/10-steps-to-continuous-improvement/. [Accessed on 5th October 2017]